Improving Indoor Air Quality Through Ventilation and Air Cleaning

Family

Ventilation BasicsThe most effective way to address indoor air quality is to control the source of pollutants. Another key strategy is increasing outdoor air flow into your home. Since most residential HVAC systems don’t bring in fresh air, natural methods—like opening windows and doors, or using window and attic fans—can help. Kitchen and bathroom exhaust fans also improve air exchange by removing pollutants at the source.

This is especially important during activities that generate high pollutant levels, such as painting, cooking, or using kerosene heaters. When possible, perform these tasks outdoors.

Some newer homes include mechanical ventilation systems, like energy-efficient heat recovery ventilators, which bring in fresh air while conserving energy.

How Outdoor Air EntersOutdoor air enters homes through:

• Natural ventilation (open windows and doors)

• Mechanical systems (ventilation intakes with HVAC)

• Infiltration (through cracks and gaps)

Ventilation helps control temperature and dilute pollutants, improving indoor air quality (IAQ). However, ventilation should be limited when outdoor air is heavily polluted, such as during wildfires or near waste-burning sites.

Mother with baby

Natural Ventilation TipsIn homes without air conditioning—or during power outages—natural ventilation can help regulate temperature and air quality. Use methods like:

• Opening windows and doors when weather allows

• Using window shading to control heat

  
  

Air CleanersAir cleaners vary widely in cost and effectiveness. While some can effectively remove airborne particles, most don’t remove gases. Their performance depends on two factors: how efficiently they collect pollutants, and how much air they process.

Small, portable models may not be effective for strong or nearby pollutant sources. Also, air cleaners must be maintained regularly to remain effective.

Other Considerations

• Houseplants have shown limited pollutant removal in lab settings but aren’t proven effective for home use. Avoid overwatering to prevent mold.

• Air cleaners are not currently recommended by the EPA for radon removal, as their effectiveness is uncertain.

For whole-house ventilation guidance, visit the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Saver site or explore EPA resources online.